twenty liters. Even allowing for uncertainties and upward adjustment by redefinition of norms, the natural assload can hardly have exceeded two hundred liters. Because of diachronic and political circumstances, it seems likely that there were a number of homer norms in the preexilic period. The probable parameters of the preexilic Old Testament dry measures from smallest to greatest were: omer → ephah → homer ⸬ 1–2 liter → 10–20 liters → 100–200 liters respectively.51 The ancient norm for a daily